This news release is available in German.

All
Acquista Authentic Cheap 2012 Nike Free Run 4.0 V2 Men Grigio Giallo Prezzo più poco costoso over the world, bees are dying and insect diversity is dwindling. Only recently, both the
80% di sconto Vendite online Nike Free Run 4.0 Anti Fur Uomini Grigio Arancione Salva Grande sconto media and scientists expressed fears that insect pollination is
100 donne autentici Nike Roshe Run PRM Uomo Nero Antracite Siren Red Offre varie 50% di sconto in decline, which jeopardises food security. The (lack of) pollination has thus become a sound argument for the protection of species and natural habitats, and organic farming.

ETH Zurich researchers from the group headed by Jaboury Ghazoul, professor of ecosystem management, set about investigating this argument by studying the influence of pollinator insects on coffee harvests in an agroforestry system at coffee plantations in the province of Kodagu in southern India.
100% Authentiques De Qualité à Vendre Nike Roshe Run Hyp femmes Gris Rose matelassé Outlet En Ligne 2015 Vente Au Rabais! Jusqu’à 85% De Réduction They also included soil and forest management, environmental factors such as water and soil fertility, and tree cover for the cultures in their study.

The research group thus obtained a different picture of the role of pollinators to the popular perception of this cultivation system of "no bees, no harvest". According to their findings, pollinator bees are merely one production factor among many and to some extent coffee farmers can increase the productivity of their plantations independently of the insects. The results of the study have just been published in the journal PNAS.

Important but not the only factor

"Pollinators are important for coffee farmers," stresses Ghazoul; "as far as
Authentique Magasin En Ligne Nike Free Run 2 Gris Blanc Vert matelassé Avec Une Qualité Supérieure Et à Bas Prix effective coffee growing and increasing harvests are concerned, however, they are much less important than irrigation or liming, for instance." This encapsulates one of the central findings from coffee farming in the Kodagu province.

Coffee is grown in a traditional agroforestry system in the region. As coffee plants must not be grown in direct sunlight, they are planted in the forest’s undergrowth or the shade of large, isolated trees. The coffee plants all bloom
Acheter Pas Cher En Ligne 2012 Nike Free Run 3.0 V3 Black Moon Men Enregistrer Vous Jusqu’à 79% at the same time after heavy rains between February and March and three species of bee pollinate the flowers:
Acquistare per 100% autentico donne Nike Free Run 5.0 Blu Grigio Bianco Abbiamo buona reputazione the giant honeybee Apis dorsata, Apis cerana and the solitary wild bee
100 Authentic economici Uomini Nike Free Run 2 Shield Stealth Nero Arancione Bianco Con Professional Service spedizione gratuita Tetragonula iridipennis. The giant
Acheter En Ligne 2013 Nike Free Run Powerlines Brown Hommes Etes-Vente Chaude. Bienvenue Pour 2015 Chaussures Outlet Store honeybee is the largest and most important pollinator, forming large colonies and needing the thick branches of tall trees to bear the weight of their nest.

Greater yield through irrigation and limestone

In order to harvest more coffee, however, the farmers have got other options than merely banking on the work of bees, as Ghazoul discovered. They can increase the yield through liming, irrespective of bee
Acquista Online Le donne 2012 Nike Free Run 3 Black Argento Uomini Al prezzo basso 55% di Sconto! density. And instead of relying on rainfall, it is worth the farmers’ while to induce flowering with artificial irrigation. "It is particularly in a farmer’s interests to irrigate his plantations at a different time to other farmers in the vicinity," says Ghazoul. After all, this will turn his plantations into bee magnets. This concentrated pollination
Afin Femmes Nike Free Run 3.0 V5 Ext 2015 Noir Vert Hommes Prix Le Moins Cher increases the yield from the plantation enormously, the ETH Zurich researchers reveal in their publication. In doing so, however, he destroys
Als u Wilt Op Zoek Naar Nike Free Run 3.0 V5 Ext 2015 Zwart Wit Heren Met Top Kwaliteit En Lage Prijs the habitat of the giant honeybee (Apis dorsata).

A farmer who combines both courses of action is especially successful, initially unaffected by the disappearance of the large bees on his own plantation. Only when all farmers opt for this course of action do things take a turn for the worse. "From a plantation perspective, it makes sense to remove trees and increase yields," says the ETH Zurich professor. "But if every farmer
Acheter En Ligne Hommes Nike Free Run 5.0 V3 2014 Blanc Orange Hommes 2015 l’Arrivée De Nouveaux Livraison Gratuite goes for the same option, they will all suffer the consequences of poor pollination because the giant honeybee will disappear."

Sure enough, the researchers observed gradual deforestation in the Kodagu experiment area. Ghazoul is convinced that the farmers will lose Apis dorsata in the long run and thus unless they take countermeasures their valuable contribution towards coffee pollination. "It remains unclear whether the other two species of bee could compensate for
Acquista Men Uomini Nike Free Run 2 Grigio Bianco Blu Teal Alta qualità con il miglior prezzo this loss." However, the farmers’ predicament is not hopeless, he says. They could domesticate
100 Authentiek Nike Free 3.0 Light Bot Reflecterende Silver Iguana Green Men Store Is De Beste Plaats Voor u Om Te Kopen Apis cerana, a very close relative of the European honeybee, and place beehives on the plantations, which would guarantee the pollination service without becoming dependent on Apis dorsata. The drawback: this absolves the farmers from their responsibility for the forest and trees. "The farmers are thus free to decide whether
Acheter En Ligne Chaussures Hommes 2012 Nike Free Run 5.0 V6 Gris Bleu Hommes Pas Cher Prix Qualité Cozy they want to have trees on their land or not," stresses the ecologist, which spells bad news for nature conservation. "But good
70% 2014 Nike Roshe Run Woven Uomo Nero Outlet Store online Saldi 2014. Get 80% di sconto news for farmers. They have got possibilities to increase their harvest and sustain or even improve their existence."

Unexpected threat from exotic tree species

The traditional forest trees face another danger. Farmers often replace felled local trees with the exotic Australian silver oak (Grevillea robusta), which provides the
100 donne autentici Nike Free Run 4.0 pelliccia Blu Uomo Grigio Outlet Store Waiting For You coffee plants with the shade they need. Moreover, it grows quickly and has a straight trunk, which farmers can
A quanto ammontano le Nike Free Run 4.0 V3 Uomo Grigio Verde Bianco In vendita con prezzo scontato use to grow pepper as the spice can be harvested more easily on the trunks. The sale of pepper and wood from the silver oaks is a way for the farmers to supplement their income.

However, the farmers are increasingly beginning to realise that
100 uomini autentici 2012 Nike Free Run 3.0 V2 Blu Grigio Men Con il prezzo poco costoso the exotic tree also
Autentico Nike Free Run 5.0 V4 2014 Lago Blu Uomini Vendite online has its drawbacks. For one, its leaves barely decompose, covering the ground and coffee plants and thus becoming a breeding ground for harmful fungi and bacteria. It might also influence the nutrient cycle, which one of Ghazoul’s doctoral students is currently looking into. The silver oak leaves probably slows the nutrient cycle, preventing the coffee plants from receiving enough nitrogen in the long run, which eventually affects the harvest.

The example case of coffee growing in the province of Kodagu is interesting from a research perspective as it brings home how bees, farmers, their farming methods and natural occurrences influence and depend on each other. In this respect, the insects are not the sole influential factor in this agricultural system.

Ten principles for the reconciliation of nature and humankind

Teaming up with other scientists, ETH Zurich professor Jaboury Ghazoul has defined ten principles that should help reconcile the conflicting interests of agriculture, nature conservation and other stakeholders with regard to a sustainable agricultural land use. The principles, which were published in the journal PNAS, include training farmers in cultivation methods that can be adapted to changing conditions. Another principle advocates taking different levels into consideration for a landscape approach, namely the landscape level itself and the individual farm level. In the example case in India, another principle is significant: the clarification of rights and responsibilities. For instance, the cultivated land belongs to the local farmers but not the trees, which belong to the state. This can cause conflicts. The principles should help to use an approach geared towards the landscape.

Adohr Milk Cream is a US-based company famous for its gorgeous cows with their glamorous digs! Raised near Hollywood, CA…the movie capital of the World…our beautiful bovine are pampered like the stars they are. Our philosophy is “Star-quality cows make star-quality milk�. Our premier line of milk powder baby formulas are nutritionally complete for your rising star.

In the tradition of Old Hollywood, our wholesome, nutritious and delicious newborn, infant and toddler formulas start with milk from A-List cows. The cast of nutritionists and scientists at Adohr Milk Cream have spent years researching and developing the best combination of ingredients to provide optimal nutrition.

At Adohr Milk Cream, we believe your child is the star of your life…from pregnancy through toddlerhood and beyond. Our milk powders provide 100% of the recommended daily supply of vitamins and minerals that are essential for strong teeth and bones, good skin and hair, and a healthy brain. Everything a little star needs to grow.

Since our company was founded, every product we manufacture is done so with traditional values in mind. Our old-fashioned milk powders are made in America and are FDA-approved following strict guidelines and manufacturing processes.