Studs, Caulks or Calks are metal devices that are screwed or driven into the bottom of your horse’s shoes. By protruding from the bottom of the shoe, they can help to provide traction over muddy or deep footing, such as sand, and help your horse jump more confidently.
Before using studs, holes are "tapped," or drilled, into both heels,
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The first time you ride your horse with studs you should fit him with some small road studs and let him walk around unmounted for a while to get used to the new feeling (this does not mean turn him out in a field with studs in horses should never be turned out in studs!)
Here are some simple rules for using studs,
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ALWAYS use the smallest stud you can,
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ALWAYS try to have someone help you by holding your horse when you are putting studs in, especially if you will be using a Tee Tap (see below).
ALWAYS be very careful if you have a horse that is likely to kick out at other horses or people. If you have such a horse, try to limit the amount of time you use studs.
A selection of studs.
A horseshoe nail or some type of flat but pointed "pick" to remove stud plugs,
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A stud hole cleaner. This is used to remove any debris from the stud hole. Some people use the horseshow nail for this, but there are many specially designed tools that will work faster.
A tap of some type. This is used to clean and sharpen the edges of the threads your farrier drilled into the stud holes. There are many types on the market. The traditional type is a Tee Tap or T Tap, so named because it is the shape of the letter "T". Recently round "Safety" Taps have become available on the market. These are safer because if your horse steps down on a Tee Tap it can cause an injury whereas a Safety Tap is less likely to cause a problem because it is flat and shaped like a hoof. There are some self tapping studs starting to come onto the market that should remove the need for a separate Tap, however it is still a good idea to keep a Tap on hand.
A wrench. This is used to tighten and then remove the studs. You can use a regular adjustable wrench found in most toolkits,
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A box to keep everything in one place! Studs have a notorious "homing" instinct and will disappear at the smallest opportunity. If you don’t capture them in a box,
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Rags or a small sponge. For removing oil or grease from your studs (assuming you oiled and stored them correctly the last time you used them) Studs are definitely slippery when greasy and will jump on this opportunity as part of their escape plan!
The following items are also nice to have:
A magnet for your arm or a magnetic dish. This is useful for keeping steel studs in one place while you work and will reduce the possibility of your studs escaping!
Rubber or cotton plugs or blanks. Most people put plugs in their stud holes when they are not using studs. This keeps the holes clean. There are rubber and cotton plugs and also metal stud blanks. If you use cotton plugs,
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Blank Wrench or Flat Head Screwdriver. A Blank Wrench is an Allen Key and is inserted into the stud blank to screw the blank in and out of the stud hole,
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Stud cleaner and lubricant. Your studs will last much longer if you clean and grease them after use. Many people wrap them in an oily rag for storage,
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Ideally you should take a lesson from your farrier or trainer before attempting to put studs in yourself. Make sure you and your horse practice at home, until you can put them in and take them out easily, before using them at a competition.
If your horse has plugs in his stud holes you will need to remove these first with your horseshoe nail or other implement.
HINT: It is a good idea to take the plugs out, clean the holes and replace the plugs before you leave for a competition. There is nothing more frustrating than not being able to remove a plug when you only have 10 minutes until you should be warming up your horse!
Next you will need to clean out the stud hole with whatever tool you have chosen. Make sure that you remove all traces of dirt and debris,
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Then (unless you are using self tapping studs) you will need to tap the stud hole with a Safety Tap or Tee Tap. Unless you have a very quiet, experienced horse and are experienced with studs, we recommend using a Safety Tap. Basically, you will place the end of the Tap into the stud hole and screw it into the hole. Another benefit of a Safety Tap is that you can’t screw the Tap in too far and potentially bruise your horse’s hoof, which is possible with a Tee Tap.
HINT: Self tapping studs are a new option where the stud has a special thread that will clean the threads on your horse’s shoes as you insert it. Because they are new, these studs are more expensive than traditional studs,
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Now you can insert the studs,
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When you are finished riding, remove the studs,
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